MCN Notes on Placenta Previa

Placenta Previa

What is placenta previa?

Placenta previa is a condition in which the placenta (the organ that connects the developing fetus to the mother’s uterus) lies low in the uterus. The placenta might partly or completely cover the cervix. The condition might cause vaginal bleeding. Placenta previa is a serious condition that requires prompt care.

What causes placenta previa?

The cause of placenta previa is unknown. The condition is more common among women who smoke, use cocaine, or are over 35. It occurs far more frequently in women having their second or later babies than in first pregnancies. Women also are at increased risk if they have had previous uterine surgery, including a c-section, a D&C (dilation and curettage), or an abortion. Being pregnant with twins (or a higher number of multiples) is another risk factor for placenta previa. There is a four to eight percent chance of a recurrence in women who have had a placenta previa in a previous pregnancy.

What are the symptoms of placenta previa?

Painless vaginal bleeding is the primary symptom of placenta previa. Bleeding might be heavy or light, and it might occur at the end of the second trimester or the beginning of the third trimester. Additional symptoms of placenta previa can include low blood pressure, shortness of breath, anemia, pale skin, and a weak pulse.
How is placenta previa diagnosed?
A health care provider will perform a physical exam and a complete medical history to diagnose placenta previa. In addition, an ultrasound can be used to confirm the diagnosis.

How is placenta previa treated?

A woman with placenta previa might need to stay in the hospital until delivery. If the bleeding stops, as it often does, her doctor will continue to monitor her and her baby. A pregnant woman will probably be treated with a corticosteroid drug if she is likely to deliver before 34 weeks.
If the bleeding does not stop, or if the woman goes into labor, her health care provider will probably recommend a prompt c-section. Cesarean delivery is recommended for nearly all women with placenta previa because c-sections usually can prevent severe bleeding.